Review of Cabin Thermal Management for Electrified Passenger Vehicles

Peer reviewe

Effect of As and Ga doping on the electronic structure and photoelectric properties of cubic Ca2Ge

The electronic structure and optical properties of intrinsic and doped Ca _2 Ge have been calculated by using the first-principles calculation method based on density functional theory. The doping content of As were 2.08% and 1.04%, respectively, and the doping concentrations of Ga were same with As. The band gap of intrinsic Ca _2 Ge is 0.556 eV, and that decreased to 0.526 eV and 0.548 eV with respect of As doping amount of 2.08% and 1.04%. Meanwhile, the band gap is 0.25 eV when the doping amount of Ga was 1.04%, and the band gap is 0.23 eV for Ga was 2.08%. The band structures results shown that the Fermi levels of As-doped (2.08% and 1.04%) are moved into the bottom of conduction band. The electronic density of sates shown that the electronic configurations at the top valence band and bottom conduction band were changed as As and Ga doped. The dielectric function results shown that the maximum value of 52.7 and 97.53 were respectively obtained at 0 eV for the 2.08% Ga-doped and the 1.04% As-doped. Moreover, the phenomenon of strong metallic reflection has been found in the energy range of 6.0 ∼ 8.5 eV, and the metal reflection characteristics of intrinsic Ca _2 Ge was greater than the doped Ca _2 Ge. Analyzing the energy-loss function, it indicating that the energy region of appearing energy loss can be altered by doping As and Ga or changing their doped concentration

Investigation on the Preparation and Properties of CMC/magadiite Nacre-Like Nanocomposite Films

The layered hydrated sodium salt-magadiite (MAG), which has special interpenetrating petals structure, was used as a functional filler to slowly self-assemble with sodium carboxy-methylcellulose (CMC), in order to prepare nacre-like nanocomposite film by solvent evaporation method. The structure of prepared nacre-like nanocomposite film was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis; whereas, it was indicated that CMC macromolecules were inserted between the layers of MAG to increase the layer spacing of MAG by forming an interpenetrating petals structure; in the meantime, the addition of MAG improved the thermal stability of CMC. The tensile strength of CMC/MAG was significantly improved compared with pure CMC. The tensile strength of CMC/MAG reached the maximum value at 1.71 MPa when the MAG content was 20%, to maintaining high transparency. Due to the high content of inorganic filler, the flame retarding performance and the thermal stability were also brilliant; hence, the great biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties of the bionic nanocomposite films with the unique interpenetrating petals structure provided a great probability for these original composites to be widely applied in material research, such as tissue engineering in biomedical research

Adsorption Process and Properties Analyses of a Pure Magadiite and a Modified Magadiite on Rhodamine-B from an Aqueous Solution

The result of an adsorption experiment indicated that the pure magadiite (MAG) and the modified MAG via cetyltrimethylammonium-bromide (CTAB-MAG) possessed pronounced affinity to the Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) dye molecules. CTAB-MAG was synthesized with an ion-exchange method between MAG and cetyltrimethylammonium-bromide (CTAB) in an aqueous solution. The adsorption capacities of CTAB-MAG and MAG on Rh-B were 67.19 mg/g and 48.13 mg/g, respectively; while the pH and the time were 7 and 60 min, respectively; however, the initial concentration of Rh-B was 100 mg/L, and adsorbent dosage was 1 g/L. Whereas, the adsorption capacity of CTAB-MAG was increased by 40% over MAG which indicated that CTAB-MAG can be used as an efficient low-cost adsorbent. Adsorption kinetics were consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation; the adsorption processes were dominated by film diffusion process which belonged to monomolecular layer adsorption

3D Printed All‐Natural Hydrogels: Flame‐Retardant Materials Toward Attaining Green Sustainability

Abstract Biomass‐based hydrogel is a promising flame‐retardant material and has a high potential for applications in transportation, aerospace, building and electrical engineering, and electronics. However, rapid vat photopolymerization (VP) 3D printing of biomass‐based hydrogels, especially that of all‐natural ones, is still rare. Herein, a new class of VP 3D‐printed hydrogels with strong covalent networks, fabricating using fully biomass materials and a commercial liquid crystal display (LCD) printer assembled with low‐intensity visible light is presented. Encouragingly, the highly ordered layer‐by‐layer packing structures provided by VP 3D printing technology endow these hydrogels with remarkable flame retardancy, exceptional temperature resistance, advantageous combustion behaviors, and favorable mechanical strength, in particular, giving them a better limit oxygen index (83.5%) than various biomass‐based hydrogels. The proposed approach enables the green design as well as the precise and efficient preparation for flame‐retardant materials, paving the way for the future flame‐retardant materials toward attaining green sustainability

Design and evaluation of EphrinA1 mutants with cerebral protective effect

The activation of EphA2 receptor by its natural ligand EphrinA1 causes blood brain barrier dysfunction, and inactivation of EphA2 reduces BBB damage in ischemic stroke. Thus, EphA2 targeted antagonists may serve as neuroprotective agents. We engineered four mutants of EphrinA1, EM1, EM2, EM3 and EM4, respectively. The computational analysis showed that these four mutants were capable of interacting with EphA2. Their potential neuroprotective effects were examined in mouse focal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. EM2 exhibited strong neuroprotective effects, including reduced brain infarct volume, neuronal apoptosis, cerebral edema, and improved neurological scores. The EM2-mediated protection was associated with a comparative decrease in BBB leakage, inflammatory infiltration, and higher expression levels of tight junction proteins, such as zonula occludens-1 and Occludin. I/R-induced high expression of Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) was down-regulated after EM2 treatment. Moreover, EM2 reduced agonist doxazosin-induced EphA2 phosphorylation and cells rounding in PC3 cells, indicating EphA2-antagonizing activity of EM2. These finding provided evidences of the neuroprotection of EphA2 antagonist and a novel approach for ischemic stroke treatment. These results also suggested that a receptor agonist can be switched to an antagonist by substituting one or more relevant residues

3D Printed Hydrogels with Time/Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence for Multi-information Dynamic Display

There is an urgent need to develop next-generation information storage and display materials to protect confidential information. Herein, we introduce the vat photopolymerization (VP) 3D printing technology with low-intensity visible light to fabricate two kinds of new fluorescent hydrogel-based information carriers in a green and efficient way. One of them affords the characteristics of time-dependent multicolor fluorescence and reversible photochromism, and the other features multifactor modulation character and temperature-dependent photoluminescence when doped with lanthanide ions. A 3D code-producing array constructed from these hydrogels is able to render dynamic information transformations on a time scale by controlling UV exposure and heating treatment. More importantly, a cryptographic matrix composed of these hydrogels makes the encrypted information only identifiable at a specific time in accordance with the sequence of photochromism; meanwhile, the information can self-erase after being read according to the fading behaviors upon exposure to air. The related works are still rare in the field of information encryption and decryption. We expect the VP 3D printing technology to guide the future intelligent manufacturing for fluorescent hydrogels; additionally, we hope that these two fluorescent hydrogels can serve as a new avenue for the future development of information storage and display materials